lungshot: To name a few companies- Remington, Savage, Sako, Winchester, Tikka to name a few (these are hunting brands). Pretty much any significant well-known company makes a .30-06 or two. It is one of the most common cartridges out there. No there is not a .30-06 magnum; -06 is simply an extension to the .30 caliber round they originally had (can't remember why). "Magnums" as they are so advertised, are faster, yes, but a) recoil significantly more, and b) have a higher ammo cost. The cartridge itself is called .30-06, but the caliber is .308, meaning the bullet is .308 inches wide. Some other .30 caliber cartridges are:
7.62x54R (Russian cartridge (metric), the 7.62mm meaning .30 caliber and the "x54" meaning the case length)
7.62x39
.308 Winchester (or 7.62x51mm NATO)
.300 Winchester Magnum
.300 Weatherby Magnum
.300 Savage
As for "what grain works the best" it all depends on how far you are shooting and what you are hunting. For bigger, heavier animals, choose a bigger grain. The most commonly grains are 150-180 (a grain is a unit of measurement; 7000 grains makes up one pound).
-Rohann