"High velocity" 22lr ammo usually runs from 1150-1300fps advertised velocity on the box. Generally anything super sonic (above 1116fps at sea level) is considered "high velocity". There is also "hyper velocity"; things like CCI velocitors (1450fps) and stingers (1650fps). "Standard velocity" on the other hand are usually around 1050-1070fps; just barely subsonic.
If they cycle the action, they are "high velocity" enough to work. The FTF's can be from bad ammo, a weak firing pin, or your gun not liking that specific type of ammo (that happens a LOT with rimfire firearms). In the case of Thunderbolts they are known to be very hit or miss from lot to lot. Some guys get great boxes with near 100% reliability and others report horrible results with as much as 1 in 4 FTF. The cheaper the ammo, the higher the chances of a bad batch. If you want centre-fire like reliability in rimfire you need to buy premium rimfire ammo. For high velocity that usually means CCI which has been very hard to find for a couple years now as Americans buy up nearly everything that is made. Some semis will cycle on standard velocity ammo; give it a try, if it works it works, if it doesn't it doesn't. You can buy a box of 50 to try for a couple bucks.
CCI for me are generally 1-2 FTF in a box of 500 at most and those can be blamed on a horribly dirty Ruger 10/22. In bolt actions I don't remember ever having a FTF with CCI ammo after a couple thousand rounds.
Remington, Winchester, and Federal bulk boxes I expect at least 1 FTF in 50 on a good day, 3-4 in 50 on a bad day, 10+ in 50 if it's a bad batch from the factory. More if fired in a semi.
Most premium ammo I buy is from Eley, RWS, or Norma. It's all match/target/training/practice/club ammo which is all subsonic. They are 1050-1070fps but still cycles my 10/22 (seems to be an oddity, most 10/22's wont cycle with subsonic). I've gone through a couple thousand rounds of those combined with zero FTF's in bolt actions.
Rimfire is not centre fire and cannot be compared to it. There is a reason rimfire is only regularly used for varmints and plinking. Premium rimfire can somewhat be compared to centrefire for reliability but cheap rimfire has no parallel.