Antique Research Pays Off!

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One of the most satisfying aspects of collecting antique guns is the research, and sometimes the surprising results this research provides:
Recently I bought a French service revolver from a vendor of mine with the understanding that it was a Mle1873 navy model. These are quite a bit more rare than the regular army models, and are marked with various stamps to differentiate them. My vendor is a trusted source, so I had no reason to doubt his assessment. Soon after I had listed it on the website, a customer of mine who knows more about these than I (yes, it happens...) pointed out that mine may be a fake. The true navy model markings are slightly different from the one I had, and a website he referred me to suggested that there are some faked army models on the market, the faker trying to pass them off as navy models in order to get a higher price for them. The argument looked convincing however I doubt that someone would go through this much trouble to alter a relatively cheap revolver just to get a few hundred dollars more for it. The navy markings are crisp, and look very "official". It would take some expertise to make the dies and stamps to fake the navy anchor and the fonts. Since I did not know more (yet) I assumed the author of the article was correct and almost discounted the revolver as a fake. The issue did not leave me alone, though, and I had to do further research. My search brought me to a book by a French author describing French military pistols, and in it he writes that the French Navy did indeed purchase some 450 army revolvers from the arsenal (MAS), in the customary navy caliber of 12mm Lefaucheux. This was done during a transitional period, between the true navy models (ca. 1877) and the later adopted standard army models (ca.1886). The navy had always had its own administration and since they still used the Lefaucheux M1870 12mm center fire revolver and cartridge, the reasoning was that they only wanted one type and caliber of cartridge in order to avoid confusion. Thus the navy model, and then the modified army model. In the long run, the government decided that it was too expensive to have the arsenal make two different models of the Mle1873, and the navy had to concede. The 11mm Mle1873 became the new standard across all branches of the armed services after 1886 (to be replaced by the M1892 eventually). In short, the revolver I had on hand was one of the few Mle1873's which were specially ordered in 12mm Lefaucheux, stamped with the navy anchor and marked "M" (modified) and "L" (Lefaucheux cartridge). The serial number is a standard army number with letter prefix. So, what looked like a somewhat rare specimen and almost was labelled a fake, turned out to be an extremely rare variant, almost unknown to collectors!
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I also have an army model with an anchor like your example. It came to me cheap with a broken trigger return spring and half converted to .455-.45acp so very unlikely to be faked. I’ve considered relining the chambers. Would you mind providing your source material?
 
I have an even much rarer one, one of the first batch of 500 to what some say as high as 1000 made by the Belgian firm Pirlot Frères for use in the French acceptance trials/tests.


Captain Delvigne, born in the eighteenth century, was the main designer, and perhaps the prime mover in the pressure-expanding bullet which bears the name Minié. Chamelot was a Belgian gunmaker he cooperated with in his later years, and as Pirlot Frères (i.e. brothers) seems to have been the main contract manufacturer, including for revolvers like the French 1873, it seems likely that Chamelot contributed to design and prototyping.


11mm FRENCH Mle.1873


With the adoption of the 11mm Lefaucheux M-1858 Pinfire Revolver the French Navy became the first military organization to adopt a self-contained metallic cartridge handgun for general issue and use. After their defeat in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 the French military commission of the Ministry of the Armed Forces at Versailles investigated potential handgun designs for adoption and general issue.

The French Navy had already adopted their Lefaucheux revolver in 1870 but the Army decided to stage their own trials, rejecting the Navy revolver, in all probability because of the fact that Eugene Lefaucheux was an a close friend of the now deposed French Emperor Napoleon III.

One of the entries was from retired French Officer and arms designer Henri-Gustave Delvigne who had designed the gun in cooperation with a Belgian gunsmith by the name of J. Chamelot and had the original first designs manufactured by Belgian firm Pirlot Frères in Belgium.

Their single/double action Chamelot-Delvigne system was selected and was then produced by Manufacture d’Armes de Saint-Étienne from 1873 to 1887 when it was replaced with the smaller M.92 revolver, it was still in use during the 1st World War and French Reserve units during 1940. (Erlmeier, Brandt Ref. 162).





I also have a French Navy version as well.
 
I also forgot to mention I also own a rare military issue French Sütterlin Lippmann & Cie (A French government trading company) Swedish Navy Contract m/1884 Revolver by Saint-Étienne, made in St-Etienne France.


It is the exact copy of a French Model 1873 revolver.



Sutterlin Lippmann & Cie were private entrepreneurs working for the French government making mainly bayonets and the Chamelot-Delvigne M1873 revolvers.

The revolvers appear to have been delivered to Sweden initially “in the white” without the traditional blued finish, as was the standard French practice for the Mle 1873. There is a general disagreement regarding whether some/most of the later revolvers may have been factory blued in France or whether they were later blued in Sweden while in naval service. The later seems more probable. Revolvers, as evidence shows, show up randomly in either finish so it may be that the blued finishes were applied as revolvers were available by workshops in Sweden and the project never reached completion. It is also possible that some of those revolvers which remained in the bright may have been privately purchased by naval officers from the original inventory.

As the M/1884 was being phased out of the Navy inventory a number of the revolvers were transferred to the Swedish Red Cross where they continued to serve for a number of years. Many examples of the M/1884 held in the collections of the Armémuseum in Stockholm were acquired from the Swedish Red Cross.

The M/1884 is a rarity to find today compared to most other adopted Swedish small arms. Among the surviving M/1884’s, the Sutterlin-Lippman & Cie contract variant is the more difficult to acquire. Given the M/1884’s rarity many questions about the revolver will remain unanswered until the database of known specimens and additional information can be expanded. There are a few, but undocumented, examples of Mle 1873 revolvers in Sweden that were reportedly purchased by naval officers directly from France and are without Swedish markings. Equally, there are some examples that are correctly serial numbered and factory marked but are without the “Cat’s Paw” perhaps purchased through the Militär Ekiperings aktiebolag (MEA). The early m/1887 holster without cartridge loops and modified for M/1884 revolver use.

The M/1884 may not perhaps have the grace, charm, and romance of other certain early revolver designs; it was nonetheless a solid and reliable revolver that served many nations, including Sweden, very well for long decades. Today it is well deserving to be in our collections and to have the most accurate history that we can document.


Here we have what is in fact a very RARE revolver, with only 300 produced. This is a Swedish Navy contract m/1884 Revolver, which is essentially identical to the French Modèle 1873 Chamelot-Delvigne service revolver, usually referred to as a MAS 1873. In 1884, the Swedish Navy imported 300 revolvers made at the French Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne through the in house firm Sütterlin Lippmann & Cie.

They also had 700 which were purchased by another firm called "Henry" and labeled as such. Any model 1884 revolver is rare, but those with these markings are especially so. The revolver was replaced relatively quickly by the Swedish Nagant m/1887 in 7.5mm, so it had a very short service history. Most that we have seen are in near relic condition, however this example still rates very good, and would make a fantastic addition to any collection!

This is a wonderful condition example of the Swedish Navy m/1884, which is mechanically sound and still in the original bright steel finish. There is a bit of light staining in places, but overall it shows at most moderate wear, with a great look. It is marked M"re de S"t-Étienne on the right side of the frame under the cylinder. There is also a ST ETIENNE Crest on the side of the cylinder. The left side of the frame is marked by the importer Sütterlin Lippmann & C"ie in lovely cursive script, with the right side marked S * L under the loading gate. As far as we can tell, the frames and barrels of these revolvers were not serial number marked. Many of the small parts and screws of the revolver are also marked with assembly number A/61, just as they would be on a MAS 1873.

The checkered wooden grips are original and the overall condition of the revolver is very good. Finish is still mostly bright steel, with light staining, and a lovely patina. Barrel is in very good condition, with clear lands and grooves and a bright finish. There is just a bit of fouling in the grooves. The lanyard ring is still present.

Specifications:


Year of Manufacture: circa 1884
Length: 240 mm (9.5 inches)
Barrel length: 115 mm (4.5 inches)
Finish: Bright Steel
Weight (empty): 1.04 kg
Cylinder: 6 cartridges
Ammunition: 11 mm Mle 1873 (11x17mmR)
Rifling: 4 right-hand grooves
Operation: Double Action / Single Action




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My one is not quite as nice as this example that sold for over $3500 USD last year.
 
I also have an army model with an anchor like your example. It came to me cheap with a broken trigger return spring and half converted to .455-.45acp so very unlikely to be faked. I’ve considered relining the chambers. Would you mind providing your source material?

The website is www.revolver1873.fr and the author of the book is Henri Vuillemin. I do not own the book myself but had a friend of mine in Belgium look it up.
 
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