AR barrels 11.5" vs 20"

Accuracy is technically not affected, but muzzle velocity is. With less muzzle velocity the bullet is affected more by wind. So, your question is very difficult to answer without a great deal of empirical knowledge.
 
"On paper" accuracy is not affected but actual accuracy is. With the shorter barrel comes a shorter sight radius, bigger distance between the sights = better accuracy.

Scott
 
The shorter barrel is also stiffer, so theoretically would offer a greater potential for accuracy all things being equal. Again, if you scope it, sight radius is a non issue. My 11.5" is just as accurate as any of my longer barrelled ARs out to 200M. (length of my club's range).
 
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