As some others have said, Tikka T1X or CZ 457 are my top choices. In fact, I have them both as well as an Anschutz 1761.
Tikka is the best bang-for-buck, crazy smooth bolt, but the only thing you can upgrade is the chassis / stock, available in 1 barrel thickness.
CZ has the most customizable options (trigger especially, if that matters to you), comes in thin and heavy (varmint) barrels.
Anshutz has the best trigger from factory (lovely 2-stage light trigger on mine).
In terms of accuracy, honestly, you can't go wrong with any of the above mentioned 3 options. From my testing, I have found the 3 options above to be more accurate than the Ruger Precision (which I also have). But the RPR is cheaper, comes with a fantastic chassis / stock with all the adjustability. For the price, especially if you find it on sale, Ruger is pretty great. It's about the most accurate rifle you can buy for-that-budget.
All of my 17HMR rifles mentioned above are in aftermarket chassis upgrades (mostly MDT), and I shoot them at an indoor range, benchrest. You'll really benefit from the heavy barrel if this is a range gun - the repeatability and consistency is a big plus.
With regards to your other question, if you are buying new, then you will most likely be looking at the 457, not the 455 or 452. The 455 and 452 are older generations / discontinued models.
Feel free to reach out if you have any more questions! Good luck!