Of all the .308 based cartridges to have come down the pike, I think the most useful of them all is the .308. Frankly, from the military's point of view, the short necked .300 Savage would have done everything required, and would have done it in a slightly smaller package, but it wouldn't have been new, so since the '50s we've had the .308. The .308 is an excellent choice for the hunter wishing to carry a small rifle with the ballistic capability of a large one.
Loaded with light weight bullets, it covers the same ground as the .243, and with heavy for caliber bullets it crowds out the small capacity mediums. The .308 is at it's best a general purpose cartridge, and this is no faint praise, as its far easier to design a cartridge for a single specific task than it is to design one which does a multitude of things well, that the niche cartridge is unsuited for. The .243 is a better varmint cartridge, but the .308 covers that with a fragile, light weight bullet, whereas the .308 is a better heavy game choice. The .338 and .358 are better heavy game cartridges, but the .308 is better for whacking that distant coyote, and can be had with bullets less likely to ricochet off rocks and or frozen ground.
The 7-08 is often cited as a superior cartridge, as bullets of equal SD are lighter, so generate higher velocity with less recoil. On the face of it, this is an advantage difficult to counter, until we come to realize that much heavier bullets are available in .308 than in 7mm. The heaviest 7mm bullet is the long 180 VLD from Berger, which takes up so much powder space that if the cartridge is to be fed through the magazine of a short action rifle, it looses the advantage against the mundane .308/220 gr. flat base game bullet. So if you have use for a 6 pound carbine length rifle, chambered for a cartridge that is literally suitable for all game from mice to moose, over typical big game hunting ranges, the .308 really has no peer.