Interesting question, and a little vague. With no reference to caliber or intended use, a definitive answer isn't possible.
Today, if Lapua brass is produced in your caliber, it is probably the best brass. Very consistent in weight, easy to prep. Some shooters do not sort or prep, it's that good. Winchester brass used to be of the similar quality, but that was a long time ago. As far as surplus, the old Lake City was hard to beat. Starline brass is good, probably the best brass for the oldies like 44-40.
In most calibers Federal brass is not my first choice, it is not the best. However in some calibers it is my first choice, because it is works the best for the application.
Weight sorting is easy, and doesn't take much time. If you do that, your brass will work a bit better. My next step in prepping is to FL size, limiting the shoulder setback to around 0.003". Then I trim to length, and deburr, 22 degrees for the inside, and uniform the flash hole. My last step is to uniform the primer pocket.
If you do that to your Federal brass, it will be pretty good.
Now for the caveats. In my limited experience I find that Federal brass is more malleable than most other brass. It is perfect for lots of calibers/applications, and not so good for others. If you load for 35 Remington, my advice would be to avoid Federal brass, especially if shooting cast. There is nothing wrong with their factory loaded ammunition, very good ammo, but I have had issues when I reloaded it. For 30-30 Win it is perfect, OK in 7x57 as well, not my first choice for 30-06, but I've never had any issues. I could list a few more, but I think you get the idea.
If you could tell us what caliber you intend to load and the use (target load, long range hunting, cast, plinking or ???) I'm sure someone will have had experience specific to your application and could pass on some hints.
Nitro