tjhaile, you are absolutely correct. In addition to the calibers you mention above, here's a few more.
left to right:
7.2 x 57, French dating from 1917 (E.7 A.PX. 17)
.276 Pattern 13, abandoned at the outset of WWI (R ^ L)
7.2 x 45.7, German pre-WWII (N 8 x 46)
7.3 x 45.6, German pre-WWII (N)
7 x 44 Weibel, Danish, early 1930's (no headstamp)
.270 British (K 48 .270)
.280 British (RG 48 280)
.280/30 British (RG 51 .280/30)
7 x 49 2nd Optimum, British/Belgium/Canada (F N 55)
7 x 49 High Velocity, British (RG 52 7 M/M H.V.)
7 x 51 Compromise, British/Belgium/Canada (RG 52 7 M/M)
7 x 36 Madsen, Danish, 1960's (K .30)
There is a great article written by Tony Edwards in the Sept/Oct 2008 issue of the
International Ammunition Journal titled
7mm - A British Ideal (The Failed Efforts to Find a New Infantry Cartridge) dealing specifically the various failed attempts over a 50 year period.
I think that the only modern 7mm to be adopted for use in an assault rifle would be the Venezuelan army and their FN FAL's. This was the 7 x 49 2nd Optimum (aka Liviano).
Paul