OK,
Have a look at the .gif below.
Look at the pink "block" of the gas carrier key. Consider if the bolt was pushed to the rear with enough force to actually damage (bulge/balloon) the rear of the buffer that the bolt would have been pushed further to the rear than it is designed to...aso you see here in this picture.
Note. The charging handle should NOT be reciporcating with the bolt as it moves.
But, if the bolt carrier was driven back past where it should go, where is that pink piece (gas carrier key) going to go and what is it going to do? It's going to maybe get pushed back in a way that may cause an upward push by the gas carrier/key on the charging handle, pushing the upper receiver UP as the bolt exceeds it's normal rearward travel.
What's that UPward push going to do? Probably cause a failure exactly as we've seen in the OP's photo, and rip the rear takedown pin out.
I could be wrong, and I don't have an AR in front of me to look at the exact mechanics in person (I will tomorrow believe me!) but this *SEEMS* like a possible cause/effect relationship that could have caused the damage.
Well done to Colt Canada for standing behind your product and fixing a problem that wasn't even yours!
NS