Clamping the upper is not preferred but it has been done million times before the reaction rod and then the Bevblock....because it is the most convenient, especially when a non-standard length free floating hand guard is installed. Since there is a receiver clamp shell block available for installing barrel, people just use it to install muzzle device in one go.
The normal 15-18 ft lb should not snap the index pin or anything else, unless the barrel nut is loose and the pin walks out of the slot and wreck the extension.
But the barrel pin is not designed to take stress, even it will take the torque, it is not what it is supposed to do.
Hence, in the original M4/M16A2 manual, barrel installation and muzzle device installation are done with a barrel vice block.
On the other hand, if the muzzle device is so stuck on the barrel, the bevblock/reaction rod may loosen up the barrel exertion if it goes over 100 to 150 ft-lb. That depends how the barrel manufacturer puts the barrel and barrel extension together. If you have a ####ty barrel manufacturer who did a crappy job ( it has happened ), the barrel will get unscrewed.