Apparently the Ordnance method used headspace gauges, combined with pencil marks on the bolt sleeve and bolt as the bolt was closed; this was because of the fact that the lugs are cut with a pitch - they don't lock at 90 degrees to the axis. Assuming that the bolt did not fully close on a Field or NO GO, the rotational amount by which the bolt did not close could be used to calculate the actual measurement . Not just a pass/fail system. The following is an excerpt from p. 209 of The Ross Rifle Story.
"...the author recommends a depth gauge measuring headspace from the muzzle. A disc 0.10" thick of a diameter of 0.50" with a hole 0.10" in diameter centrally located should be placed in the bolt head recess and then the bolt should be closed. A rod spacer, 0.25 - 0.30 inch in diameter should be inserted in the barrel , resting against the disc and extending to about 1.5 inches below the muzzle. A reading can then be taken with a micrometer depth gauge. The disc should be removed, the bolt closed, and the measurement repeated. The difference will be the true headspace....". I suppose if the rod projected from the muzzle, the measurement of projection could be used in the same manner. As has been pointed out above, chamber size and shape aren't related to headspace - but certainly could affect handloading. Segregating brass and neck sizing only may be the way to go.