Hi. No prairie dogs here. Lot of of coyotes. No season for coyotes in most areas. You'll be reading the hunting regs and buying the Outdoors Card(a tax only anglers and hunters must pay) anyway. So look up your area by WMU. The regs are on the MNR's web site.
http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/FW/Publication/MNR_E001275P.html
A lot depends on where you are in Ontario. However, you can't hunt on anybody's private land without written permission. And it's not always easy to get. Close to cities, most of the land(ex-farms) is owned by people who moved out of said cities and are not shooters or hunters. A lot of 'em are anti-hunting too. Real farmers tend to dislike city types due to having had bad experiences. Gates left open, property damage, trespassers, just plain rectal orifi, etc.
You cannot hunt on your own land without a hunting licence(there is a provision for farmers or their agents to protect live stock. You're currently neither.)nor shoot there if it's in a no discharge municipality. You find that out on the local municipality's web site via a search of the by-laws. Usually a search for 'firearms discharge' or hunting will do it. So will a phone call to the local municipal office during business hours. No law means you can.
There are some municipalities with a really daft calibre restriction too. Mostly in southwestern Ontario and around TO. Some of 'em apply to small game only. Some for anything. Some say nothing greater than .275 calibre by the cartridge name. The TO area ones are usually .270 specific. Don't even try to figure out why. It'll give you brain damage. Think stupid civil servants.
Crown Land close to cities is infested with hikers, picnickers and other assorted riff-raff. Some of it is located in municipalities with no discharge by-laws too. There's also at least one area(Simcoe County Forest) that is closed to hunters unless they belong to the Ontario Anglers and Hunters Assoc. The OAHA is useless for the most part, as they jumped into bed with the Provincial government and have never had anything to say about or fight the FA. They run the Hunter's Safety Program for the MNR. You're AB hunting licence will be your proof of having done that. Still have to pay the Outdoors Card Tax though.