I used to work as a laboratory technician in oil, coal and nuclear power plants, so I have at least some experience in dealing with very hot, pressurized water and steam that is in contact with ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
One can see a very similar result to the above barreled action if you put an uncoated cast-iron skillet in a dishwasher and let it go through a complete cycle. The stainless-steel pots and pans come out looking great while that cast iron takes a corrosive beating.
But time-honored experience tells us that a cast-iron skillet can be washed with water in the sink and dried with a dish cloth without any ill effect whatsoever, so plain steel objects can indeed be washed with water. But what explains the discrepancy in results between dishwasher and sink?
Oxygen, temperature and pH are the answers. At least one, hopefully all three, must be contolled.
Since oxygen cannot be controlled inside a dishwasher, it would be good to control the other two.
My wife and I don't own a dishwasher, so I don't know if wash and rinse water temperature can be controlled. If they can't be set to warm, don't use a dishwasher. If they can be adjusted, raising pH will also help to reduce the rate of oxygen corrosion.
So, if you really do want to do this, set the temperature of both the wash and rinse water to only warm and use trisodium phosphate (TSP) as the detergent. TSP will help maintain a high pH.
Remove right after the rinse part of the cycle. Don't let the drying cycle start. After removing it from the washer, give it a final rinse with the garden hose. If you're picky or have particularly hard water, give it a final rise with demineralized water. Dry with a cloth and then blow out with pressurized air. Get it completely dry as fast as possible.
You probably could do a better, safer job using a warm-water pressure washer with, once again, trisodium phosphate as the detergent. The same as above for rinsing a drying.
Better still, if it's just grease you're trying to completely remove, don't use water at all. Instead, take it to a automotive repair place and use a parts washer station to hose it down with cleaner (which is usually stoddard solvent). When that's done, go outside and spray the whole thing down with an aerosol can of brake cleaner. Hold it vertically and start spraying at the top end and let the gathering liquid run down (wash down) the assembly into a pail. Slowly direct the spray downward, allowing the same runoff, until you reach the very bottom. The piece will dry almost immediately without any residue whatsoever.
When any of the above are completed, the piece will be vulnerable to corrosion, so, immediately after drying, the parts that are not going to be parkerized or blued or painted should, just like that cast iron skillet, be coated with whatever oil, grease, etc. that you feel appropriate.