Think the 1909 is Russian imperial artillery school. There’s a similar piece for sale on one of the US auction sites. Looks like you have the base piece and there’s another device added over top once the officer successfully graduates.
Top right is Franco Prussian war commemorative medal, bronze made from captured cannon for combatants, steel for non combat service.
And the one with the ding is a Wilhelm II two mark piece, hung on a necklace as a keepsake. Almost looks like the owner took a ball in the change purse, you can see the mark from the rim of another coin embossed by the impact. If that’s what it looks like, I bet that really stung!