First off, I just want to say that I am *not* a gunsmith, nor could even be classified as an armorer, but I am an automotive technician and need to use measuring tools, so I do know how to read them. I also like to research and keep my own firearms maintaned so I love to learn new things. Licensed gunsmiths may totally diagree with my methodology, and they are the ones whose opinions trump mine. But, below is what I've discovered as I am currently saving for more tools after ordering a crowning cutter from Brownells and getting really badly stung with exchange

I was hunting around for headspace specs a while back for the Mosins as I got one that was not a collector, was already counterbored, and the stock was beaten badly, so I've been sporterizing it. I wanted to be sure it was safe though, as it also had a damaged bolt head when I got it and I replaced the head with one from a cool guy here on the EE. On one of the US gun boards, there was a gun tech who gave the specifications of .066" as a go gauge, .071" as a no go gauge, and .074" as a "don't even think of firing it" spec. I have some dummy rounds I made up using some empty once fired PRVI brass and so I measured the rim height from top of rim to the cartridge headstamp surface. It was .060". So, I looked around for something I could use as a shim and found a tin can lid in the kitchen recycle bin from a can of corn. It measures at .010". I took one of my dummy rounds, lightly filed a few thousandths from the rim where it would engage the extractor claw, made a circular shim from the can lid, and snapped the dummy cartridge into the bolt face with the bolt out of the rifle. Pushing down on the disconnect/ejector allowed me to slide it all the way in and chamber the round but the bolt would not close but remained at about a 40 degree angle. With the shim, the head surface thickness was .070, it wouldn't go, so I'm continuing with making this rifle a backup hunting gun.
As I said, I am not a gunsmith but I just wanted to be safe with my Mosin and by all mathematical reasoning that should have proved it within headspace spec.