If the gun is really clean, which I gather it is, then you should be able to see whether there is a point of impact on the bolt face or barrel (shiney) should the problem be like the other one I encountered, where both the bolt and barrel were out of true where they met by a combined 5 thousandths or so.
Removing metal from any firearm isn't for the faint of heart, or the poorly equipped. I used a dremel tool, yes, but it is epoxied to a piece of steel that fits the tool holder of my lathe. A 4-jaw chuck and some careful measuring were needed for my fix. Took about an hour, and 55 minutes of that was setup, as usual for something like this. I have found Rugers to be generally well made, and I wonder if there isn't a reason they quit building the .22 magnums. Maybe they were made on a separate line or by a contractor, but most 10/22s I've seen are perfect. A high spot on the barrel and the bolt, both meeting, should never have left the factory.
Lots of other possibilities, though, perhaps something in the firing pin channel? If you've changed firing pins and hammers, then the bolt and breech face have a problem. Could it be a weak recoil spring? How solid is the bolt when it's forward? Is there any play?
Look for the bolt running into something. If that's not it, see if you can pick up another barrel or get this one re-chambered. Sometimes the chamber isn't cut quite deep enough, and this, together with weaker recoil springs, can leave the rim of your cartridge not quite seated when the bolt is forward. Then the firing pin doesn't make a clean strike and the rest is fail-to-fire history.
Headspace too small isn't likely the cause, and making the headspace bigger may actually make the problem worse. Lots of "maybes" though.
Take off the barrel and check to see how the cartridges seat in the chamber. Check the bolt for "looseness" at the closed position -- the spring should hold it quite firmly shut. If the chamber is OK and the bolt seats solid, strip the bolt and look for crap in the firing pin channel. See what pushing the pin forward does, and how far the pin can travel. After that, you're looking at the hammer possibly striking something besides the firing pin, but you would have seen evidence of that when you changed to the new pin, so I mention this last.
Someone borrowed my .22 magnum reamer and broke it (!) so I need to order a new one anyway. I can check the chamber for you if you like, but you may find someone closer.
If all else fails, sell it for parts!