Victoria's most popular range is the Malahat range which is the Victoria Fish and Game Protective Association. Yearly membership's around $90, with a covered rifle range, shotgun range, archery range, and a "multipurpose" range, which has multiple "lanes" for ipsc-style shooting.
http://www.vfgpa.org/
There's also the North Saanich Rod and Gun club, but it's up by the airport and it's like $200 yearly and a $150 initiation fee. On the other hand, heated, covered range with returning target rails!
I think there's also a Juan de Fuca range, but I'm not sure about the details.
As far as gun shops go, there's Island Outfitters, by Walmart downtown Victoria, which is more of a fishing/archery/camping store. They're a bit expensive, but have a dedicated gun room and lots of toys. Pullen's Gunsmiths are out in the highlands, and have more of a "old boy's club" feel. Only open Friday Saturday and Sunday 10-6, with free cookies and coffee always on. Nice place to just hang out and BS
Hope that helps!