From the canadianheritage.gc.ca/
The Red Ensign, a red flag with the Union Jack in the upper corner, was created in 1707 as the flag of the British Merchant Marine. From approximately 1870 to 1904, it was used on land and sea as Canada's flag, with the addition of a shield in the fly bearing the quartered arms of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Although its use on land had never been sanctioned except by public usage, in 1892 the British admiralty approved the use of the Red Ensign for Canadian use at sea. This gave rise to the name the Canadian Red Ensign.
As new provinces entered Confederation, or when they received some mark of identification (sometimes taken from their seal), that mark was incorporated into the shield on the Canadian Red Ensign. By the turn of the century, the shield was made up of the coats of arms of the seven provinces then in Confederation.
Alberta September 1, 1905
British Columbia July 20, 1871
Manitoba July 15, 1870
New Brunswick July 1, 1867
Newfoundland March 31, 1949
Northwest Territories July 15, 1870
Nova Scotia July 1, 1867
Nunavut April 1, 1999
Ontario July 1, 1867
Prince Edward Island July 1, 1873
Quebec July 1, 1867
Saskatchewan September 1, 1905
Yukon June 13, 1898



























