A P-14 barrel has a bore pretty close to 7.62, has enough meat at the breech to allow the .303 chamber to be cut back, and a new shank machined in place. Altered, you could still have a length of 24". Another option would be a MN 91 barrel, although it might be necessary to use a sleeve for the shank, if the barrel diameter in front of the chamber is insufficient for the SKS breech. Even a No. 4 barrel might be adaptable. Or go with a .30x39; that would open up all sorts of barrel options, if you didn't mind handloading; or are you prepared to go Ruger style with a 7.62x39 chamber and leade in a .30 barrel. You could always do a mockup, with a smoothbore extension on the original barrel.
As far as gas operation considerations go, that is going to take experimentation. Maybe the original system could be used with a smaller port. If it is moved foreward, a new piston and tube would be needed. Piston would have to be made out of O-1 or another tool type steel, and heat treated. Or, the port could be moved, and a gas pipe brought rearward to the original piston. I would be inclined to try that. The dwell time would be lengthened with minimal manufacture of new parts. The original gas block would be used, and a small ID extension added to the original gas tube.
At any rate, the gas port should be drilled small, and then gradually enlarged until the action cycles (if it is going to, cross your fingers).
Apart from reamer, gauges and parts, the labour cost is going to be significant. If you can do a lot of the work yourself, and only have to pay a 'smith to do, say, the machine tool stuff, costs could be minimized. Or maybe you know a serious gun crank with the necessary tools.
The is no reason why the project could not be accomplished. All it is going to need is time, energy, money, and ingenuity.