Guides have a bigger inside diameter than the bore, or you'd never get a jag through it. Since it is bigger than the throat, it can't protect the throat from the rod.

it's all marketing hype
my 30-06 barrel is supposed to be accurate about for 2000 rounds
if I shoot 20 rounds per trip (on average) it means I'll only clean it 100 times.
I really doubt an aluminum rod can do any damage during the life of the barrel. Even less with a plastic coated rod.