So there are your two gas ports. And then this is your short stroke piston.
So when the gun fires, that piston is going to get pushed back. It is going to press on this operating rod, which pushes the whole bolt assembly backwards.
I think ... there's a misunderstanding, and there's a likelihood that people are going to assume that a lot more is going on under high pressure than really is. So the bolt, for example, does not have to weigh more than, for example, the original AR-10 bolt.
Because this bolt is not necessarily moving at any greater velocity because it's a high pressure cartridge than it would be if it were running standard .308.
The bolt velocity is determined by the chamber pressure when the bolt unlocks, how much force is actually pushing the bolt back at that point. What SIG has done is put a gas port on here that is relatively far forward.
It presumably has a relatively small actual gas port in the barrel.
They've regulated the amount of gas that's going to come through here to push back on the bolt.
That is going to contribute to the opening velocity of the bolt. And then by choosing where they set the gas port, they can determine how much pressure is actually going to be left in the barrel, and how much force is pushing backwards here when that bolt opens.
So that's why we see the bolt being the same weight as an original AR-10 bolt. The recoil spring is nothing particularly special as far as I can tell, because it doesn't need to be. The operating velocity of this bolt is pretty normal, unlike the operating pressure of the rifle.
Once it can do that ... then you're managing bolt velocity by determining how quickly the bolt is going to open, which is largely determined by placement of the gas port here on the barrel, as well as the size of the gas port itself.
Too much gas and you will open the bolt faster and increase bolt velocities, which we want to avoid.
That's the sort of thing that puts wear and tear on other parts of the gun.