From what I've read on research on lead in indoor ranges, the majority of lead occurs from the primers (lead styphenate) and from the impact of the bullet against a metal backstop, where it fragments particulate lead into the air. Air samples taken in indoor ranges show the lead is concentrated mostly in the target area near the backstop (#1 source) and directly in front of the firing line from the primers. If a backstop other than a plate (like a snail bullet trap) is used, almost all lead is removed from the target area. Lead-free primers like those used in WinClean are needed to clean up the airborne lead at the firing line. No significant amount of lead is vapourized from the bullet at handgun velocities, from the research I have seen. As mentioned, the smoke produced in shooting lead bullets is the burnt lube, not lead.
Shooting IPSC outdoors where the bullets go into a berm, there should be very little lead exposure from lead bullets except from steel plates and poppers IMO. It is a controversial subject, however, and research is still not complete.