take off the stock and pull your oprod back and lock it in place, i recommend having an empty mag in the action to ensure the oprod doesn't fly forward.
tilt the barrel straight up and push the gas piston up into the cylinder all the way and immediately remove your finger and allow it to drop.
if the piston drops kinda slowly.... the slower the better but with smooth movement through out it's drop..... you can rule out a piston problem
if the piston just drops with no resistance..... either you need a new piston (a chinese one) or a new gas cylinder. If you have a friend or two with an m14s/m305 borrow thier pistons to check for better function.... if they work as optimally described above,,,,, replacing the piston is probably the answer.
next thing with the gas assembly, if your piston passes the above tests, then we have ruled out a piston/cylinder caused short stroke. So we then, with the barrel pointing up and oprod locked back, take a 1/16 drill rod or back end of a drill bit, and pass it thru the little hole in the bottom of the gas assembly. it should pass clear into the barrel. shine a flash light or bore light up from the chamber and peek down the bore to verify the drill rod has made it clear into the barrel. If the drill rod stops before entering the barrel, check to see that the slotted screw on the side of your gas assembly (spindle valve) is positioned in the open or closed position (vertical or horizontal). turn the spindle valve screw 1/4 turn and retry the drill rod. it should pass clear thru.
check these things and let us know what you find.
there is a step by step procedure for diagnosing the cause of an m14 short stoking that i can walk you through but no sense typing it all out now. short stroking is caused by a few different things but most commonly is a gas assembly issue.