Brass = any commercial is fine. Military is fine too, but be aware that the volume inside the cases are smaller than commercial due to the military brass having thicker walls. Make sure you trim to the correct length. Your M14 will chew it up anyways (they're hard on the extraction phase) and you'll probably be throwing it away after a few firings. Make sure you always trim them down (even if coming out of your gun) and do a full length re-size every time, as you're using a semi-auto.
Primers = Large rifle, except if you're using ball powders, in which case some suggest Large magnum rifle. I've used LR only and never had a problem with mine.
Bullets = don't go over 168 gr. According to Springfield, heavier bullets are too hard on the barrel.
Powders = depends on what you want to do. Medium burn rate powders work best with the gas system. I use 46gr W748 or 43gr H4895 under 150gr FMJBT in order to approximate the military load, but have also used IMR 8208 (great, btw) and Varget (also good and very temperature stable). For my purposes, any of those are fine, although I prefer Win748 only because it meters great and isn't too hard on the barrel's lifespan (lower heat).
You might also want to search through the Main Battle Rifle section of the forum for loads.