So, if I understand correctly, to describe in a pseudo-scientific format;
Let’s say you have an 8lb 458WM, it has a bit much kick.. you install a 1 lb. Mercury recoil reducer.
Now when you pull the trigger, the harsh initial jerk of the rifle from recoil, accelerates a total of 9 lbs, the fast jerk causes the non-Newtonian fluid (mercury) to act as a solid.
The speed of the stock moving towards your shoulder is travelling at 8/9 of the speed it would before the install.
It has some small distance to travel, as it compresses the butt pad, but now at a slower speed.
As the butt pad compresses and then basically bounces forward, the mercury is travelling for a further distance, is dispersed and now acting as a fluid.
The peak force of an 8 lb rifle which is moving at the speed of a 9lb rifle takes place on your shoulder. The fluid is still travelling rearward after that moment has taken place. As the fluid splatters against the back of the tube, the remaining force of mass in motion is not being applied to your shoulder at the peak moment, but perhaps to the stock as it sort of rebounds off your shoulder.
Your shoulder feels the peak force, which when spread out is a lower peak with the same amount of overall energy.
Hypothetically you could do this with a weight and a spring. You’d avoid the “splash” but you would get a “twok” sounds as it was spring forward into the walnut pocket.