I lived and hunted down there for 9 years - great moose hunting.
Anyhow, to your question.
Basically ANY Canadian resident can become a guide in NFLD.
You must:
be a Canadian resident;
complete a firearms and hunters safety course (NFLD recognizes other provinces hunters courses - federal firearms course for the firearms safety - nothing "grandfathered");
complete a First Aid course;
boaters safety course (whether or not you will use a watercraft);
and submit the application to become a guide OR take the guide course offered by some of their colleges.
The guides licence is only 10 bucks a year.
But here is the "kicker" that prevents your "buddy Bob" from "guiding" you, his buddy.
As a non-resident you can ONLY get a big game licence (moose, caribou or bear) through a "licensed outfitter" and you must use a "guide" EMPLOYED BY the OUTFITTER YOU get the licence from.
So unless your buddy 1) gets employment from an outfitter or 2) starts an outfitting business (whatever that entails), you can't go hunt as his guest with him guiding you even if he gets a guides licence.
They have it "rigged" so you are going to drop some major bucks if you want to hunt there as a non-resident - no way around it.
One other point - anyone acting as a guide CAN NOT Hunt OR Fish while they are "guiding" - so you couldn't hunt together anyhow.