Actually, with the 357 magnum, as well as the 44 magnum, the top loads are the same for both pistol and rifle. The Hodgdon on line charts show a top pressure of 42,700 for each of rifle and pistol. I wouldn't want to load a Marlin any heavier than that.
I don't have a 357 rifle, but have loaded top of the line pressures in revolvers with absolutely no sign of trouble with standard primers.
I do have/had two marlin rifles in 44 mag, as well as having owned over the years, five 44 magnum revolvers. Many of those 44 loads have been top of the line for pressure and I have never had any trouble, or sign of trouble, with standard pistol primers.