Some good advice already provided here...
Reliable...bolt action, with stainless steel and synthetic or laminate stocks being more impervious to the elements, but coated metalwork (teflon, Cerakote, parkerizing) and sealed wood will work just fine with a little more care
Handy...carbine or lever action, and detachable magazines (regardless of action type) make for quicker reloads with a spare mag loaded and ready to use
Power...short action, 308 Win to 350 Rem Mag...long action, 30-06/303 to 375 Ruger
Sighting...open sights plus low(er) power variable scope in QD rings
Bottom line is you need to find the rifle that fits you best and meets your particular priorities and desires.
Have used a variety of rifles over the past 35 years here in northeastern BC for hunting the open country and alpine to the deep, dark bush.
Have had great success with bolt action rifles chambered in cartridges from 6.5x55 to 376 Steyr, and lever actions chambered in 30-30 to 375 Win, on animals from antelope to bison. And yes, I have had to stop a charging black bear at 5 yards, and took my grizzly at 8 yards on a mountain goat hunt.
I am a big guy and packing an 8 lb rifle all day in the thick bush or on the mountain has not bothered me. I also like how the extra weight helps steady the rifle, especially when your heart rate is elevated from exertion or excitement.
My main back up rifle over the past 15 years for guiding, archery hunting, atv or horseback has been a BLR in 358 Win wit a Leupold VX-III 1.5-5 in QD rings. Will take care of everything from bunnies to big bears out to 250 yards with scope or open sights (have never had to take scope off and use irons to date). Prior to that I carried my Marlin in 375 Win for back up and brush work. For a little more power than the 375 Win, the 356 Win in a Winchester 94 Big Bore or Marlin 336ER would also be a good choice. Great to carry and fun to shoot and hunt with. Am also growing fond of the 338 Federal (now have 3; a custom Winchester Model 88 lever action with detachable mag, and a Tikka and a Ruger in bolt actions). All have enough power for problem situations, but are easy on the shoulder, with a capacity of at least 4 rounds.
Definitely would not feel bad about a BLR in 300 WSM for all around use either, if I was restricted to just one rifle for everything. If wanting something more weather resistant, the BLR is also available in a stainless and laminate version.
A Ruger RSI in 308 or 30-06 would also be a great little carbine capable of handling your chores. Or a Sako or Steyr full stocked carbine, if you can find one. Either of which would also add a touch of class to the equation.