I would guess the bullet is jammed into the rifling. Try cycling the slide. I know you did already so try harder. I have had to press the nose of the slide against a wooden tabletop to increase the force, which can be significant.
The round had no marks on the primer. I did not try the plunk test and dropped the ejected round into the dud container at the range
That cartridge was the most likely culprit. The 'plunk test' would have been very relevant.
Before I attempted to do anything else - even before you box up your pistol to send it out - I'd take that Norinco stuff and I'd 'plunk test' all of it.
Use of a case gauge could prevent another groundhog day.
<https://rustywood.ca/shop_home/45-acp-case-length-headspace-gauge/>