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I imagine the recoil was considerable with a heavy brass rod! Brass would also be the way to go for the record. The one we found was aluminum and still made 200 yards.
A solid brass one with 100 grains of powder will shoot about 1 foot low at 50 yards :>) When I first started shooting, a friend was showing me how to shoot and fortunately it was he that neglected to remove the rod.
There are paintings from the hand cannon days showing large arrows being shot and it would not surprise me if arrows were shot before ball and probably inspired by the ballista
I've seen some pictures of early cannons or bombards with huge spears sticking out of them. It may have been better for battering down castle walls?
Off the subject, but I really want a cannon.