From the net . . .
The inspiration for the .450 Bushmaster is the .45 Professional, a wildcat cartridge formed by cutting a .284 Win. case off at the neck to accommodate a .45-caliber bullet. The .45 Professional is designed for short, .45 ACP-type bullets, but at the time of development, Hornady engineers wanted to employ the company's 250-grain, .452-in. SST Flex-Tip muzzleloader bullet (now called the FTX bullet) in the new cartridge. The velocities that the cartridge would be capable of producing mandated a larger, heavier bullet, and Hornady already had good results with inline muzzleloaders shooting the SST Flex-Tip at velocities of 2,000 fps and greater. So, in order to use the longer bullet and keep the cartridge overall length at 2.260 ins.—the same as the .223 Rem.—Hornady trimmed the case to 1.700 ins.