Way back when... before marketing... ; ) A short rifle was just that, a rifle with a short barrel. This is shown in the picture above with the shotgun style buttstock, and capped fore end. The carbine was it's own thing, with it's own butt stock, and fore end, usually with the barrel band, and was less expensive. Somewhere along the line these two got combined, and then separated, and then more models came out with features of both. They were also special orders in various configurations. Traditionally, tho... a "short rifle" was just that, a rifle configuration, with a shortened barrel and mag tube.
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