7.62x39 M43 ammo commonly is made with a steel cartridge case and a copperplated or copper-washed bullet which has a MILD steel jacket, a LEAD envelope inside that and a steel CORE. Theory is that the copper wash lubricates the bullet and protects it from rusting, the lead envelope squishes a bit and the steel core gives the required length while maintaining the bullet at the relatively light weight they wanted: a 122-grain 7.62x39 slug is the same length as a lead-cored 150. The combination works very well. Then you throw in a hard-chrome-lined barrel. Hard chrome is HARD and SLICK and Russia had very nearly a monopoly on the stuf for many years; they were using it for millions of barrels at a time when the rest of us were speculating about it.
There HAVE been armies which have used steel or greased-steel jackets on their bullets: Norway, the old Austro-Hungarian Empire, the old German Empire, the old Ottoman Empire and a few others. In these cases, the jacket metal was rolled thin, grease was applied and then the grease was rolled INTO the steel jacket material using a LOT of pressure...... and then the jackets were punched, drawn and made into bullets. Lot of work but relatively cheap in materials.
Old British/Canadian/Aussie .303 bullets might LOOK like steel, but they were jacketed with cupronickel: 85% copper, 15% nickel. During War Two, we DID make steel-jacketed .303, but they were PLATED with copper: takes a magnet to tell.
If there is an inner layer cushioning the distorting jacket (which takes the rifling) from the inner steel core (which does NOT compress) there is not a huge diffeence between mild-steel-jacketed and cupronickel-jacketed and gilding-metal-jacketed slugs, although the advantage (and the expense) is with the GM-jacketed bullets, others proceeding in that order.
Bore erosion from hot powder gases has always been a bigger barrel-killer than wear from jackets. 7.62x39 likely doesn't have HALF the erosive power of the .303, yet 303 barrels commonly handled 12,000 rounds before reaching "toast" status. See the experiments outlined in the TEXT BOOK OF SMALL ARMS - 1909 for more information.
NOW, can we all go to the range?
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