Nothing would have happend, except the neck tension was different and the round would not have shot to the same velocity/place as the others (A flier, as said above.)
It could have been a one round anomoly, or it could be the first of many. I would carry on shooting and reloading the others. If you get another split neck soon, the brass has a problem. Maybe it was not "once" fired?
It could be annealed. I would toss it and get another batch of brass all from the same lot #.