Steel Shot Tryouts (Steel Sucks 2)

sjemac

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OK I've a hunt lined up for the AM on water. Ducks and geese are both likely.

I will be using

2.75 Federal Speed shok 6's 1 oz. loads at 1375 fps
3.5 inch Federal Black Cloud 4's 1.5 oz. loads at 1500 fps
3 Inch Federal Ultra shok High Density BB's 1 3/8 oz. loads at 1450 fps

3 Inch Federal Speed shok 2's 1 1/4 oz. loads at 1400 fps

I probably won't get a chance to shoot more than two of the above list, depending on conditions. I will post results.

I only shot the 2 middle loads as the wind didn't do what it was forecast to to do and the decoy set-up wasn't quite right for the direction the wind was coming from. Birds were between 25 yards and 40 yards, with most being to the outside end of that.

The friend I took with me was shooting #3 Kent Fasteel. He dumped the first two singles that came in, blue bill and a mallard. We each then pulled a double out of a flock of about 10 mallards, and quickly followed that with another pair of doubles out of flock of wigeon. He nailed another single mallard and a single wigeon to finish his limit while I doubled on mallards and picked up a lonely wigeon followed by a low screaming bluebill that streaked in decoy high to finish mine.

All but 4 birds were dead on the water, two of those didn't need finishers but we gave it to them any way. Only one did the "fluttering" away to die move. Landing about 80 yards out and dying -- autopsy on him showed the old story of steel pellets passing through the body without breaking bones. 3 Pellets through the breast and under the wings and a heart/lungs that were perforated -- pellets went through the tail, legs, and beak also -- indicating that the bird was pretty well centered in the pattern. No birds were lost and no ducks that were fired at were missed (some were picked up on the second shot though).

Starting to become a little more of a believer in Blackcloud as a bird killer. I'm not sure I want to use it all the time because the birds hit with Blackcloud were noticeably more mangled that those hit with regular steel. On wigeon lost a good chunk of skull to one pellet of # 4 and the bloodshot meat in the BC killed birds was more prevalent than in the ones killed with the Kent. Some of the individual wound channels were quite large and ragged (assuming from the off shaped pellets). I like eating duck so this is a bit of a turn off for me.

At the end of the morning a flock of 15 geese was feet down and setting into the decoys at about 25 yards. The young fella with me had 3inch federal T steel and I had the 3 inch Federal HD BB shot. He had matched me shot for shot all morning with ducks, shooting very well for not having shot much in the past year. I up and fired three times and brought down three geese -- two dead and one that needed a second shot. He fired just before I did and fired three times and killed none despite both of us hearing the shot whacking into the feathers and feathers being left behind. Maybe he got too keyed up because they were geese, maybe the holes in the pattern of the T shot were too large. Anyway the result was not a ringing endorsement of steel and follows what I have observed over the years.

Steel will obviously kill birds and the steel loads are getting better every year. But in my experience and especially with geese, you will shoot more birds with less shells by spending the extra to get the good non-toxics out there.

Anyway here's some pics. At one point the dog made 10 retrieves before he could get back in the boat. He was a tired pup at the end of the day.

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Good review Sjemac, thanks for taking the time to write out your observations.

As I stated in the other thread, steel BB's in 2 3/4" have worked really well for me on decoyed geese, but I usually keep the shots close on those big buggers.

Ian
 
3 possible reasons the steel T didn't kill(or some combination).

1) Not enough pattern density. 65 pellets in a shell leaving larger gaps in pattern that didn't hit the vitals or break a wing. Larger steel striking bone at an oblique angle tends to deflect rather than smash through.

2) He got over excited and was not right ON them. Some guys get "goose" fever even though they could shoot ducks all day. He DID get really upset about missing.

3)Shells just weren't right for his gun.

Personally I think it was a bit of all three. The geese were in a range that I could consistently kill all day with only 2.75 # 4 Hevishot and most of those birds would have CNS hits or wing breaks that in effect "break them down". If he wasn't right on them with the center of the pattern then the odds of one of those pellets striking the goose in a fatal area would be lower. Lower sized shot with it's increased pattern density would be more "forgiving". Going to smaller, high density shot would probably increase the kill rates of the rookie to average goose hunter by quite a bit.
 
great review, thanks!

It's nice to see a review that isn't in a hunting magazine article/endorsment.
I've had fairly limited experience bringing down water-fowl, but this pretty much confirms my thoughts on shot. I'm comfortable using steel on ducks, but will suck it up & pay the extra $$ for some Hevi-shot for geese. I was going to try Black-cloud this year, but I'm having second thoughts now.

Thanks again Sjemac!

Cheers.

Tim
 
3 possible reasons the steel T didn't kill(or some combination).

1) Not enough pattern density. 65 pellets in a shell leaving larger gaps in pattern that didn't hit the vitals or break a wing. Larger steel striking bone at an oblique angle tends to deflect rather than smash through.

2) He got over excited and was not right ON them. Some guys get "goose" fever even though they could shoot ducks all day. He DID get really upset about missing.

3)Shells just weren't right for his gun.

Personally I think it was a bit of all three. The geese were in a range that I could consistently kill all day with only 2.75 # 4 Hevishot and most of those birds would have CNS hits or wing breaks that in effect "break them down". If he wasn't right on them with the center of the pattern then the odds of one of those pellets striking the goose in a fatal area would be lower. Lower sized shot with it's increased pattern density would be more "forgiving". Going to smaller, high density shot would probably increase the kill rates of the rookie to average goose hunter by quite a bit.

I think you are right on the money with #2 and #3. It amazing how even experienced shooters can get all flustered with the noise and size of a flock of geese 25 yards out. I think most guys shoot behind them.
 
Going to smaller, high density shot would probably increase the kill rates of the rookie to average goose hunter by quite a bit.

Not sure I buy into that....off target is off target. You may occasionally get lucky flinging a bunch of shot out there but I can't see kill rates going up substantially. With lead there was some truth to that because of the length of the shot string but with steel, the shot string is shorter so being more accurate with your shot is more critical than ever. Most people don't realize that accuracy is far more of an issue with steel than it was with lead because of the shortened shot string. That's why some people shoot better with 3.5" shells as the shot string length increases slightly.

Patterning on static paper is good but to really understand what shot is doing, you need to pattern on a moving piece of paper or wood. Bob Brister wrote the diffinitive book on shotgunning titled "Shotgunning....The Art and Science" While much of his experience was with lead, in some ways what he learned is more important with steel and part of that learning curve.

I'm not sure steel is getting better as you stated but people are learning to shoot it better.
 
Good review sjemac.I also noticed extreme damage on the ducks I shot at closer ranges with the BlackCloud to the point there was no sense in trying to salvage anything edible off them.

I will be loading Bismuth next year.I got a line on bulk for cheap.
 
Sheephunter,

Why is the shot string shorter with steel? I thought it would be longer with an equivalent weight of shot; i.e. more steel pellets than lead pellets in a 1 1/8 ounce load. Just curious.

Ian
 
Sheephunter,

Why is the shot string shorter with steel? I thought it would be longer with an equivalent weight of shot; i.e. more steel pellets than lead pellets in a 1 1/8 ounce load. Just curious.

Ian

Not 100% sure of the physics involved but I think it has to do with the more uniform shape of the pellets and they don't get so compressed going through the choke. I was surprised to learn this as well.
 
Not sure I buy into that....off target is off target. You may occasionally get lucky flinging a bunch of shot out there but I can't see kill rates going up substantially. .

Simple mathematics. A higher pattern density means more pellets at the edges of the pattern increasing the likelihood of a hit in the vitals. This means that a shot of BBB slightly off target will have less pellets in the periphery than a shot of #4 slightly off target. By then going to a high density load, you keep the energy required to kill while increasing the likelihood of a fatal hit.

Now, yes, a dedicated duck/goose hunter should spend the time required to pattern, practice, and prepare to shoot waterfowl with their noggin dead center in the pattern. What I am saying is that if I was taking my buddy who is not as into hunting as he is hockey for his once or twice a year waterfowl shoot, I would definitely reccommend that he use the HD non-toxic over steel.

The guy who only hunts a couple times a year and is not a wingshooting diehard, would be better serviced spending the extra and shooting the HD also.
 
Not 100% sure of the physics involved but I think it has to do with the more uniform shape of the pellets and they don't get so compressed going through the choke. I was surprised to learn this as well.

Uniformity has little to do with it -- Hevishot is ugly and lumpy. But the second part -- hardness and elasticity does.

Shot through a more open choke, the steel are not pressed together as much as lead was. But because of the unmaleability of steel, shooting them through a full choke results in them colliding and bouncing away from each other as they leave the barrel -- blowing patterns and creating numerous "flyers". HEnce, why we shoot with modified and larger or use extended choke tubes that "gradually" coax the steel into the constriction.

Lead pellets, when hitting the constriction of the barrel would deform and line up behind each other because they were soft and could do so -- hence a longer shot string.
 
Uniformity has little to do with it -- Hevishot is ugly and lumpy. But the second part -- hardness and elasticity does.

Shot through a more open choke, the steel are not pressed together as much as lead was. But because of the unmaleability of steel, shooting them through a full choke results in them colliding and bouncing away from each other as they leave the barrel -- blowing patterns and creating numerous "flyers". HEnce, why we shoot with modified and larger or use extended choke tubes that "gradually" coax the steel into the constriction.

Lead pellets, when hitting the constriction of the barrel would deform and line up behind each other because they were soft and could do so -- hence a longer shot string.

Uniformity actually has a lot to do with it as the BC of each shot remains the same, allowing them to decelerate at a uniform rate.
 
Simple mathematics. A higher pattern density means more pellets at the edges of the pattern increasing the likelihood of a hit in the vitals. This means that a shot of BBB slightly off target will have less pellets in the periphery than a shot of #4 slightly off target. By then going to a high density load, you keep the energy required to kill while increasing the likelihood of a fatal hit.

If shooting at a static target yes but since we are shooting flying birds, shotstring length plays a significant role so it's not so simple math. I'm talking steel here......not other non-tox alternative that behave more like lead.
 
If shooting at a static target yes but since we are shooting flying birds, shotstring length plays a significant role so it's not so simple math. I'm talking steel here......not other non-tox alternative that behave more like lead.

And if you read what I said I differentiated between steel and smaller HD non-toxic. I wouldn't shoot 4 steel at geese because the energy isn't there. I would shoot 4 hevishot though. And yet again it is simple math. More pellets in the air increases the probability of a lethal hit -- PARTICULARLY if you shoot in front of the bird. Shooting behind -- a miss is a miss (or worse, an ass shot cripple).
 
Uniformity actually has a lot to do with it as the BC of each shot remains the same, allowing them to decelerate at a uniform rate.

Not compared to the elastic collisions that occur when steel is compressed in the choke however. You have less scattering of shot from the HARD Non toxics like Hevi and Tungsten due to their inherent density and inertia. And a lot less from the softer NT's like Bismuth and TM (Bismuth is a little too brittle though and some pellets are powdered upon exiting the barrel).

The relative lightness of steel prevents it from resisting directional changes in momentum to the same degree that HD shots do. The hardness of it compounds this factor as there is no "give". The uniformity is a factor but a small one.

Then again, I only teach physics for a living. What do I know?;)
 
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