Based on Ian's Book "Chassepot to Famas", Your carbine was made by Chatellerault in 1893 as indicated by the reciever in the photo. (confirmed by the Serial). Originally it would have a french acceptance stamp on the stock which would give you the month of acceptance. Like others have said, it was uptaded for the ball N cartridge for ww2, however interestingly it didn't recieve any of the other M16 upgrades (sights, Magazine, handguard, etc.) the clearing rods were removed on almost all of them as it was a fairly early change. It also has a later pattern nose cap as the early original ones didn't have a stacking hook (used the clearing rod instead). The french re aresnaled these a lot, repaired and sent back to the front in WW1 and WW2. As a shooter they're a bit of a pain. PPU brass is available, however the Ball N chambers are very hard on the case necks as they were reamed out for the thicker neck in ww2. the modern brass is made to the ww1 ball D specs. Also, they use an odd size bullet at 0.327, where as most 8mm cartridges use 0.324's. I have a pretty rough one that i shoot cast bullets in that can hold a 6" plate at 100yds no problem. They are very cool rifles!