Fast bullets like the .220 swift combined with a muzzle brake. OUCH!
Has anyone actually measured the volume of various cartridges?
The average gun shot is 140 to 170 decibels. 85 db is considered harmful. One shot from any firearm without hearing protection will cause permanent hearing damage, including a .22 LR(about 134 db). Some air rifles can produce 104 decibels. A shotgun runs around 160 to 170 db.