The Soviet T 72 B models with the "Dolly Parton" armour was surprisingly resistant/immune to the main Abrams AP round at the time according to one analysis I read.
The authors claimed this came to light after the wall fell and led to the speedy development/adoption of a better Abrams AP round.
Had a war broken out in the mid to late 1980's between NATO and Warsaw Pact, the Soviets would have surprised us with their level of quality, besides the advantage of quantity.
I will try to find the article source for y'all
Numbers matter, and the Soviets had NATO swamped with a huge superiority in numbers of tanks which worked against qualitative advantages on the western side.
The Leo 1 reflected a philosophy where the Germans went for speed and agility to fight outnumbered in a highly mobile defensive battle. It weighed 42 tons (the WW2 Sherman was 32 tons) and traded armor protection for nimbleness. The Yom Kippur war was a big eye-opener which demonstrated the killing power of ATGMs and caused NATO tank designers to swing back to more protection. The Leo 2 is 62 tons, the M1 Abrams is a bit heavier, and they are both faster than the less protected Leo 1.
Its not just numbers and individual tank on tank. Crew proficiency and tactics make a difference, as do the use of other killers incl artillery, air and aviation. On balance, I believe NATO would have needed to go nuclear first to stop the Soviets before they got to the Rhine because conventional capabilities would have been overwhelmed by Soviet numbers.
4CMBG was basically a political presence to keep us at the adult table in NATO. People might remember that the West German Chancellor shirt-fronted Pierre Trudeau and told him to get some new tanks if he wanted to stay in the game. That's how we got into the Leopard tank in the mid 70s.
A brigade is an orphan formation which lacks staying power and maneuver capabilities outside of a divisional context. 4CMBG would have been decisively engaged and used up in a counter-penetration role. It was not a good choice in a counter-attack mission with only a single tank battalion. 2 tank battalions and 2 infantry battalions, along with better air defence and optimistically speaking, some attack helicopters, would have made it a better contender. But that was well beyond what our socialist masters were willing to spend.
