You can call BS all you want, but I've lived it. All of those other costs add up. Sure, the rifle is only part of the equation, but if I have $1000 I can buy a $500 rifle and still afford some ammo, gas, a license, etc. If I pay $1000 for the rifle, thats it. My budget is done. I can't afford ammo, or a hunting license, or gas to get there. My Axis was $235, far cheaper than any used Remington or Winchester. Is a used Remington or Winchester a better rifle? Sure. They don't shoot any better or make game any deader, but the Axis certainly has its downsides and I do consider my Rem700 to be a better gun.
Now, the prices on these budget rifles have gone up a lot since I bought my Axis, which makes the economics of them less favorable when comparing to the used market, especially with the large quantity of mauser sporters available from places like Intersurplus, but a lot of people, especially people new to the world of guns and hunting, are leary about buying a used rifle - I know I was at the time.
It is definitely a delicate balance to strike. I like golf illustrations so here's an excuse to use another one. I am sure some parallels can be drawn here. But of course reality is a bit more complex than this.
With a limited budget as the primary constraint, what to do... Years ago I had some colleagues want to get into golf, since we had tons of corporate tournaments. Both of them had around the same amount they are looking to spend. Both were relative beginners.
They asked a number of us for advice and you can imagine, it ran the gamut.
Some people said, get the cheapest clubs you can get, and save the rest for balls, gear, lessons, green fees, golf cart, etc. Other people said to get a decent set so you won't be put off when the experience from using cheaper stuff eventually rears its head.
All I can say is that years later, all things considered (and many more factors at play), the guy who bought the decent set but sacrificed on accessories, continued to play golf. The guy with the cheapie walmart set gave up as no matter how much he went out, he didn't find his performance warranted his continuing involvement. Now I realize there are more factors here like time, natural talent/interest, mindset, etc.
But I have seen this with guns too. Someone with a limited budget buying something half decent - they were not beset with quality problems (or at least fewer of them) and enjoyed their firearm - first impressions are important. Now, I get it - what good is having a decent gun but no ammo to shoot. I'd suggest if funds were tight (and with me that's always the case with putting kids through university and such), maybe the type of gun should be considered so that one can get sufficient ammo. I am not one to suggest to anyone how to spend their money, BUT I am working with a colleague who just got his PAL, him and his GF just had baby but he wants to get out shooting. He told me just budget and wants to get a PCC. I told him yes, PCCs are fun but for what he wanted that is hitting his budget and that doesn't even include and optic and ammo. I suggested to him perhaps consider something else. If he wants a semi auto, maybe something like a .22 GSG. Or to learn the fundamentals of shooting why not get a bolt action .22, something decent value-priced like an Athlon scope and then you'll have enough for some ammo - doesn't have to be Lapua...could be something like Blazer, CCI Standard, whatever... but again that was just my suggestion, based on what he told me his requirements were.
That said, I do agree with Track in that the full cost of ownership should be considered. Otherwise it's not unlike the person who gets the maximum mortgage to get a place only to have no money to furnish it or pay for upkeep/repairs, etc. I think anyone coming into firearms ownership has to count the cost coming in, and we're not just talking financially here, but for this conversation, it's a definite factor. Just like golf, it's not just the clubs, balls, and bag. Lots of other extraneous and affiliated costs to consider.
As for buying used on a first purchase for a new gun owner - I am sure this is also not a popular opinion, but I'd suggest people get something new. It's not like buying a used car that you can always get some mechanic to fix it. If it's a new shooter and they don't have connections to others who can fix things...best have that first impression be as problem-free as possible (and yes I am aware new gun doesn't necessarily mean problem free, as the Patriot here shows).