Haha, getting close to a 2 year old post. How can you not throw in a completely unsolicited opinion?!?!
I've owned several 30-06 rifles (mostly 98 Mauser variants) and 308 (modern sporters). I find both to be great cartridges.
IMHO the 30-06 is a fantastic hunting round that can be handloaded to 220 or 240 gr bullets if you want. On average about 100-150 fps faster than a comparable bullet in a 308, at least up to a 180 gr bullet. It's a low pressure cartridge, so unless completely neglected after use, the barrels last a very long time. If you like 50's era sporting Mausers such as Husqvarnas, they are extremely well made and reliable. Lots of power and speed as well as flexibility with heavy bullets for mean critters.
The 308s I've owned and loaded for tend to be measurably more accurate. Probably 2 things going on: less recoil and a more consistent powder burn with a shorter cartridge case. If you really geek out over loading data, you can get similar velocities with a 150, 165/168, or 180 gr loads but with 4 grains less powder in the 308. Just more efficient burn, I guess?
Either way, they are both easy on barrels, easy to get bullets, brass, and powder for. The 30-06 will give you a bit more range in a 'point-blank' sense, carry more energy out farther than a 308 (by maybe 100 or 150m), and allow for heavier bullets, but at the cost of a bit more recoil. Both are great....maybe get one of each?