I've never bought a gun strictly for self defense but, after a recent encounter with a bear in camp while fishing, I've decided it might be a good idea. I have quite a few rifles and shotguns but this one will be my only dedicated defense gun. Others are all wood stocked custom or semi custom rifles and double shotguns.
I want a 12g , pump, short barrel that will be reliable nearly 100% of the time. Will use it mostly in camp for bear defense but would like it for home defense too.
Synthetic is OK but not required. Price up to $1000 or so although I'm thinking it will likely not be required to spend this much? Ideas?
First off, defensive guns must be 100% reliable, nothing short of this is acceptable. If you have a hiccup with your gun determine first if it was human error, an ammo problem, or a gun problem. If it was human error, run some drills to correct the situation so it never comes up again. If you have determined that you have an ammo problem, switch brands or loads. If there is a mechanical problem with the gun, get it fixed, immediately. Don't wait till next week, or payday, get it fixed as soon as the gunsmith can get to it.
I'm pleased to see you have a realistic budget for your defense gun. Too many folks on here will go out and purchase the cheapest gun on the market to defend their most valuable asset, their lives.
Don't be mesmerized by long magazine tubes. It is more important to know how to run a regular 5 shot magazine fed shotgun than it is to have 8 rounds in the magazine, where the additional length and weight could make it impossible to bring the piece to bear in an emergency. Keep the gun short; a 14" barrel makes for a trim fighting gun, and it keeps the balance of the gun where it should be, between your hands.
These days there are truckloads of gimmicks you can hang on a shotgun. I recommend 3. First is a Sidesaddle. The sidesaddle ensures there is always ammo with the gun. Second is a set of rifle sights, preferably a ghost-ring and post arrangement, the post provides a better index of elevation than any other metallic sighting system and the ghost ring is faster than any open sight or even a bead. Thirdly I recommend a sling and swivels. Particularly in the home defense scenario, you don't want to have to put your gun down for some reason and loose it in the dark or have it recovered by the bad guy. A short light shotgun can simply be slung when you need to attend to other things.
The dimensions that matter in your shotgun are the length of pull, the barrel length, the magazine length, and the overall length. The length of pull is important because too long a stock makes mounting the gun slower, less natural, and increases the sensation of felt recoil. The barrel length should be kept short to facilitate use in confined spaces. However, once you go to a barrel that is shorter than 14", the shorter barrel length will have a limiting factor on your magazine capacity. I think you should choose a gun with a 5 shot magazine, this might require a magazine extension in some cases. A longer magazine makes the gun unnecessarily heavy and unbalanced and requires the barrel to be longer. A shorter magazine with a capacity of fewer than 5 rounds could compromise your safety. The overall length is an important legal requirement. You don't want to be in noncompliance in scenario that will involve the police, lawyers and courts, but otherwise keep the OAL as short as is legally possible.
Both Mossberg and Remington produce quality products that require little additional tweaking to make right as defensive firearms. I prefer Mossberg’s 590s to the 500s due to the system Mossberg used to connect the barrel to the magazine of the 500. I prefer the 870 Wingmaster or Marine magnum to Remington’s 870 Express. Choose the gun that catches your imagination, make it right for you, and shoot it enough that you are competent to protect yourself and your family with it.