Being an atheist, while I reject this wording, I spent a few years enjoying and espousing the non-theistic version of it (something like "rights come from within").
But in recent days I've been questioning what this means. It's essentially meaningless, as I don't ascribe any special mysticism to humans over any other species (or even a rock) that "should" grant us any more inherent rights. We're all just evolutionary bundles of chemicals and chromosomes and to ascribe some inherent form of ethics (including "rights") doesn't work for me.
The truth is that for most of human history, and in fact the history of every other social species as well, the alpha-males tend to dominate and rule their little slice of the world via force. We are now able to limit this via the idea of human rights and the force of the people to back it up (and, let's face it, because most of us in the developed world have enough food/water/shelter that we're not constantly violently desperate or angry), but make no mistake: we invented these ideas, because they're good for most of us.
Personally, I think this is actually an even more compelling argument for the existence of human rights, even if they are a human-mind-created notion. Rights aren't granted by the government, or god, or an inherent inner force. They're whatever we are able to demand from ourselves and retain; a social contract. If anyone steps on what you consider to be your rights, you have the ability to fight for them in one way or another as long as you breathe or speak. If you fail... join millions throughout history. Not a lost cause.
Anyway, Canada doesn't have a Constitution document per se. We have a Charter of Rights and Freedoms that came about from the Constitution Act.
Just read it and answer your own question. It's not difficult reading.