I use a set of Howard Leights electronic muffs for most large game hunting. While sitting in a stand, the amplified sound helps me pick up sounds I wouldn't have otherwise heard. If it's too loud and I can't tell what direction/distance the sound came from, then slip the muff off your ear or turn down the volume. This works great for slow walks in the bush, or while in a stand.
For duck/goose hunting and at the range I use a set of moulded plugs that I had made to fit my ears, they still allow a fair bit of low volume sounds to come through (i.e conversation), but cut out the high decibel sounds quite well. Hearing birds a ways off suffers a little. If the range is busy, I will double up, using the plugs and muffs, makes for a good combination of protections, but still allows conversation.
I have been pretty good about hearing protection, but on ONE occasion I was out for a goose hunt and forgot my hearing protection. Thought I would be fine, ended up shooting off about 25 rounds of 12 ga. The ringing in my left ear has never gone away since. That was about 6 years ago. Mild-medium tinnitus in that ear. I can ignore it for the most part, but when I think about it, it's incredibly annoying. Plus it masks any natural high pitch sounds. Don't join this club, wear your hearing protection!