In Ontario, it has always been my understanding that you may bait for any species except migratory waterfowl, which are covered under the federal regulations. Salt licks are bait. Deer cocaine (based on salt) is bait.
PLEASE SEE NOTE FROM BIGREDD BELOW ABOUT BAITING FOR WILD TURKEYS, WHICH IS ILLEGAL. THANKS FOR THE INFO!
My bow-hunting partner and I do bait for white-tails on the small property where we have permission to hunt. It is agricultural land around us with many food choices for the deer, who grow big and fat on the ample food, including lots of acorns and hickory nuts. It is still highly advantageous to have the bait (we use apples) set up and maintained through the season, and since we have been baiting we are definitely seeing more deer. This is still no guarantee of success, however - I bow-hunted many days last year and did not even SEE a deer within bow range, let alone have an opportunity for a shot. But I did have confidence that I WOULD see a deer, because our baits were being hit regularly, and I did see deer at bait piles, or going towards bait piles, quite often.
In an area with more or less random deer distribution, and restrictive land use permission, the use of baits has definitely helped us to take more deer over the years than had we not been baiting. I know that some folks do not condone baiting, and if their desire is to sit day after day in a tree stand in the hope that a deer might blunder into their kill zone, they have my full blessing to do whatever they think is best..........
Doug