Shorter barrels can be "stiffer", vibrate differently, and therefore be more accurate. Barrel harmonics matter more than barrel length. When we weld the gas system and re-pin or loctite the op rod guide, we are playing with the harmonics. We want the barrel to vibrate exactly the same way each time, which makes for better accuracy. Glass bedding and free floating also work the same way. Either putting consistant pressure on the barrel, or no pressure at all, so it can virbrate freely. Consistency is everything.
Sometimes making a barrel shorter changes the amplitude of the vibrations and can make it either more, or less accurate. I have heard of people shortening a barrel and getting bad results, then taking off another little bit, and getting an accurate barrel again. Seems that M-14s don't mind being shortened, though I can't speak from experience since mone is still full length.