Guys, if you haven't seen it already take a look here.
http://m14forum.com/gunsmithing/140219-extractor-coming-out-bolt-lrb-m1a.html
I had the same trouble with mine the last time i took it to the range...i beleive that it could be that the extractor spring or ejector spring lost some tension...
Gus Fisher recommends a minimum ejector spring length to ensure spring tension.
http://m14forum.com/m14/114095-extractor-falling-off-while-shooting-5.html
A little further on the length of the extractor spring.
When I ran the National Match M14 rifle rebuild section in the RTE Shop at Quantico, VA on active duty, I was concerned about ensuring the length of the extractor spring was long enough on EVERY NM M14 we built or rebuilt.
We were in fact a “Depot” or Arsenal level repair shop for NM, sniper and MEUSOC weapons – so each Section Head COULD make up a standard for lengths of springs and everything else with having to build the NM M14.
Prior to the time I was the Section Head, they inspected the springs, but as long as they weren’t noticeably bent or worn, they did not replace the spring and detent. The problem was that since our rifles got shot a lot and many of the extractor spring and plungers had been in the rifles for a long time, we could potentially be sending out new built or rebuilt rifles with worn extractor springs that would not last long.
You really DON’T want an extractor to come out during a Match or even practice, because it will ruin a shooter’s mental program for at least that stage of fire and perhaps the rest of the match. It could cause the shooter to lose a match. I actually saw that a few times while I was the Junior Armorer on THE Marine Corps Rifle Team in 1975. So when I became the Section Head, I instituted my own personal standards for the extractor spring and plunger.
When we built brand new NM rifles for Post and Station Teams, I demanded we use brand new extractor springs and plungers as long as we had them in stock and I did my best to make sure we always had new ones in stock for those rifles. I also demanded we use brand new ejectors and springs. Since those rifles were sent out to the Post and Station Teams, we might not see them for rebuild for anywhere from 6 to 10 years. The NM Armorers assigned to the Post and Station teams were allowed to replace the springs as needed, of course, but I felt we were not doing them justice if we did not put brand new springs in them.
Now, for the Marine Corps Match NM M14 rifles, we tuned them up or rebuilt them every year after the Match, so it was not like they were ever shot much before they came back through our Section. So we used good used extractor springs in those rifles. On those rifles, I set the minimum length of the spring at 15/32” and I inspected EVERY rifle we built or tuned up and ensured the springs were that long. (My own personal opinion for commercial semi auto M14’s and real M1 Garands is the extractor spring should be replaced when it goes below 15/32”.)
When I first took over as the Section Head, I published a new and more involved Final Inspection Check List and gave a copy to all my NM Armorers. I taught a class on the NEW things in the list and told them I was going to hold them to everything on the list. For the first few weeks I was Section Head, I rejected MOST of the rifles built in the Section during the first Final Inspection for not complying with the list. Some of the NM Armorers in my section complained I was being too tough, but their complaints landed on deaf ears. However, after the first couple of weeks at the Marine Corps Matches that year, one of my Armorers who had complained the most came up and told me he now understood why I had done it because they were having virtually no maintenance issues with the rifles.