(Library and Archives Canada Photo, MIKAN No. 3225274)
Curtiss SBC-4 Helldiver (Serial No. NX-035), two-seat scout bomber and dive bomber aircraft in French Aéronavale colours. It is being pushed by sailors across the border between Canada and the USA at Houlton, Maine, and Woodstock, New Brunswick, 6 June 1940.
When the Second World War began in 1939, Britain and France sent envoys to the USA to buy military aircraft. Early in 1940, the French government placed an order with Curtiss-Wright for 90 Curtiss SBC-4 Helldiver biplanes. In order to aid them, on 6 June 1940, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Administration ordered the US Navy to fly 50 SBC-4s of the Naval Reserve that were at the time in use by the Navy, to the Curtiss-Wright factory in Buffalo, New York where the 50 planes were to be refurbished to French standards. This included removing all US markings on instruments and equipment, replacing the American machine guns with French 7.7-mm (.303-inch) Darne machine guns and repainting the aircraft in French camouflage colours and national markings. Once converted, the aircraft were to be delivered to RCAF Station Dartmouth, Nova Scotia where they were to be loaded onto the French aircraft carrier Béarn.
Several neutrality acts had been passed by the US Congress and signed into law and the Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed for arms trade with belligerent nations (Great Britain and France) on a "cash-and-carry" basis. This arrangement allowed the the USA to sell materiel to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships or planes and paid immediately in cash. Because of this provision, the US could not fly military aircraft into Canada; they had to land in the US and be towed across the Canada - US border. The 50 aircraft were flown from Buffalo, New York to Houlton Airport, Maine via Burlington, Vermont and Augusta, Maine. Houlton is on the Canada - US border and local farmers used their tractors to tow the planes into New Brunswick, where the Canadians closed the Woodstock highway so that aircraft could use it as a runway. The Helldivers were then flown to RCAF Station Dartmouth.
