Here is the response I got from the USF&W in regards to bringing deer/elk meat back into Canada.
PLEASE note there seems to be a difference between "bringing" it back and "sending" it back. My interpretation of what they are saying is no permit is needed if you accompany your meat/trophy home with you in your personal vehicle (for personal use only not a commercial export) however if you "export" your meat/trophy (and to me this means "sending" it somewhere) there seems to be a requirement.
I will let you make up your own mind as to what you need to do. Pasted below is the entire email from them. Other than I xx'd out my name
Dear M######.
Thank you for your inquiry regarding the exportation of your game trophies to Canada that will require clearance by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Our mission is, working with others, to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people.
The white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, and the elk, Cervus elaphus, are not protected species.
Regulations in paragraph (b)(2) at the following link indicate that you can export your white-tailed deer and elk game trophies as personal accompanying baggage without filing a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declaration:
http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/tex...iv8&view=text&node=50:1.0.1.2.8.6.7.4&idno=50
Please have your hunting license and your white-tailed deer and elk game trophies available for inspection as you prepare to export them out of the United States.
You can export your white-tailed deer and elk game trophies at any designated port listed at the following address:
http://www.fws.gov/le/designated-ports.html or, at any of the border ports listed in paragraph (a) at the following link:
http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/tex...iv8&view=text&node=50:1.0.1.2.8.2.7.6&idno=50
We require that you contact 48 hours in advance our wildlife inspectors at the port where you will be exporting your white-tailed deer and elk game trophies in order to coordinate their clearance out of the United States. You can find contact information for our wildlife inspectors on our website at the following address:
http://www.fws.gov/le/inspection-offices.html
Thank you for your cooperation in complying with our regulations that help protect fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats. Please feel free to respond to this message with any further inquiries that you may have regarding this matter.