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Ol' John Wayne wouldn't have been a Cavalry trooper in the 1880's as he often portrayed. As with men, the horses were a smaller size, not the 17-19 hand ones he rides in the movies. A smaller horse could carry a smaller man further on less grub....for both of them. You see some tall cavalry men in civil war photo's but they are significantly high ranking and always bean-pole thin
Just fired 25 rnds standing in our military match using my Martini Metford 1889 in .303 with fixed bayonet 9.5 lb rifle plus the bayonet ,It's bloody heavy and tough to hold on target
OP, the average rifles issued to the troops all were in that same weight range +- a pound. The Martini, without the bayonet may even have been lighter than most.
The AR platform rifles are much lighter by comparison but that didn't really come about until the end of the sixties, even though the platform was first designed in the mid fifties.