The World of Cartridges and Compromises........

There was an article a few years ago discussing changes in powder charges ;listed in manuals over the years. Some went up in powder charge, some went down. After interviewing several companies about it (since the author had a supply of very old manuals too) the answer was basically this- They now use actual pressure testing equipment instead of older, less reliable methods of pressure guessing. And- some powders have changed a bit.

BTW Hodgdon/IMR lists 3031 max charge with 170 gr bullet at 29.2 gr which is 35,800 CUP. SAAMI max pressure is 38,000 CUP, so 31-32gr might hit that. Apparently 30-30 pressures were reduced by SAAMI for just the reason bartell suggested- Lots of old guns that may not take higher pressures now. Valid? I don't know, but I suppose it's reasonable. I do know some factory 30-30 I've chronoed were much slower than listed, one loading barely beating a 7.62x39 with a 150gr bullet.
 
Code:
Cartridge          : .30-30 Win
Bullet             : .308, 170, Sierra SPFN 30-30 2010
Useable Case Capaci: 34.870 grain H2O = 2.264 cm³
Cartridge O.A.L. L6: 2.550 inch = 64.77 mm
Barrel Length      : 20.0 inch = 508.0 mm
Powder             : IMR 3031

Predicted data by increasing and decreasing the given charge,
incremented in steps of 1.0% of nominal charge.
CAUTION: Figures exceed maximum and minimum recommended loads !

Step    Fill. Charge   Vel.  Energy   Pmax   Pmuz  Prop.Burnt B_Time
 %       %    Grains   fps   ft.lbs    psi    psi      %        ms

-10.0   94    28.35   2066    1611   33949   6074     96.7    1.328
-09.0   95    28.67   2088    1646   35026   6137     97.1    1.311
-08.0   96    28.98   2110    1681   36137   6197     97.4    1.294  ! Near Maximum !
-07.0   97    29.30   2132    1716   37287   6255     97.8    1.276  ! Near Maximum !
-06.0   99    29.61   2154    1752   38476   6310     98.1    1.258  ! Near Maximum !
-05.0  100    29.93   2176    1788   39704   6363     98.4    1.241  ! Near Maximum !
-04.0  101    30.24   2198    1824   40970   6413     98.6    1.223  ! Near Maximum !
-03.0  102    30.56   2220    1861   42290   6460     98.9    1.207  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
-02.0  103    30.87   2242    1898   43652   6505     99.1    1.190  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
-01.0  104    31.19   2264    1935   45059   6547     99.3    1.173  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+00.0  105    31.50   2286    1972   46516   6586     99.5    1.157  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+01.0  106    31.82   2307    2009   48026   6622     99.6    1.141  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+02.0  107    32.13   2329    2047   49587   6656     99.7    1.126  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+03.0  108    32.45   2350    2085   51209   6686     99.8    1.110  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+04.0  109    32.76   2372    2123   52886   6714     99.9    1.095  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+05.0  110    33.08   2393    2161   54626   6738    100.0    1.081  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
 
could be that they reduce the pressure/charge weight in anticipation of a guy loading shells for a 120 year old lever action


Well, I don't have a 120 year old lever action 30-30, but I do have a Winchester Model 1894 which was made in 1908, (s/n 461453) which makes it only 108 years old and made of nikel steel for smokeless powder, it certainly shows no indication of being a weakling. I got the rifle a few years ago from the last of an extended ranching family, who's early members had bought it new and it spent all but the last twenty years of its life on the ranch, carried in an old, heavy leather scabbard. I also have the scabbard, believed to be the original, and I tie it on to my quad and we use it as a fun gun. Another CGN and I have gone on two or three trips with it and shot it every time, including the loads I have made with 32 or 33 grains of 3031 and it shoots and cycles them with no sign, whatsoever, of being over loaded.
Sorry Douglas, for going from your large calibre story to the 30-30, but sometimes I just have to defend myself.
Bruce
 
Well, I don't have a 120 year old lever action 30-30, but I do have a Winchester Model 1894 which was made in 1908, (s/n 461453) which makes it only 108 years old and made of nikel steel for smokeless powder, it certainly shows no indication of being a weakling. I got the rifle a few years ago from the last of an extended ranching family, who's early members had bought it new and it spent all but the last twenty years of its life on the ranch, carried in an old, heavy leather scabbard. I also have the scabbard, believed to be the original, and I tie it on to my quad and we use it as a fun gun. Another CGN and I have gone on two or three trips with it and shot it every time, including the loads I have made with 32 or 33 grains of 3031 and it shoots and cycles them with no sign, whatsoever, of being over loaded.
Sorry Douglas, for going from your large calibre story to the 30-30, but sometimes I just have to defend myself.
Bruce

Douglas, I also apologize for the side-track having copied Bruce's 30-30 load and with no pressure signs / excellent accuracy.
My 30-30 is a 1925 vintage Mod. 55 TD and it too has a nickel steel barrel.
 
Code:
Cartridge          : .30-30 Win
Bullet             : .308, 170, Sierra SPFN 30-30 2010
Useable Case Capaci: 34.870 grain H2O = 2.264 cm³
Cartridge O.A.L. L6: 2.550 inch = 64.77 mm
Barrel Length      : 20.0 inch = 508.0 mm
Powder             : IMR 3031

Predicted data by increasing and decreasing the given charge,
incremented in steps of 1.0% of nominal charge.
CAUTION: Figures exceed maximum and minimum recommended loads !

Step    Fill. Charge   Vel.  Energy   Pmax   Pmuz  Prop.Burnt B_Time
 %       %    Grains   fps   ft.lbs    psi    psi      %        ms

-10.0   94    28.35   2066    1611   33949   6074     96.7    1.328
-09.0   95    28.67   2088    1646   35026   6137     97.1    1.311
-08.0   96    28.98   2110    1681   36137   6197     97.4    1.294  ! Near Maximum !
-07.0   97    29.30   2132    1716   37287   6255     97.8    1.276  ! Near Maximum !
-06.0   99    29.61   2154    1752   38476   6310     98.1    1.258  ! Near Maximum !
-05.0  100    29.93   2176    1788   39704   6363     98.4    1.241  ! Near Maximum !
-04.0  101    30.24   2198    1824   40970   6413     98.6    1.223  ! Near Maximum !
-03.0  102    30.56   2220    1861   42290   6460     98.9    1.207  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
-02.0  103    30.87   2242    1898   43652   6505     99.1    1.190  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
-01.0  104    31.19   2264    1935   45059   6547     99.3    1.173  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+00.0  105    31.50   2286    1972   46516   6586     99.5    1.157  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+01.0  106    31.82   2307    2009   48026   6622     99.6    1.141  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+02.0  107    32.13   2329    2047   49587   6656     99.7    1.126  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+03.0  108    32.45   2350    2085   51209   6686     99.8    1.110  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+04.0  109    32.76   2372    2123   52886   6714     99.9    1.095  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!
+05.0  110    33.08   2393    2161   54626   6738    100.0    1.081  !DANGEROUS LOAD-DO NOT USE!

My 30-30 load is a 170 gr Hornady, 32 grains of 3031, and a WLR primer, I have shot it extensively and nothing bad has happened.

Depending on the brass, I get for velocity:
R-P 2145 fps
Win 2175 fps
F-C 2190 fps

Remington factory 170 grainers come in at 2140 fps.
 
My 30-30 load is a 170 gr Hornady, 32 grains of 3031, and a WLR primer, I have shot it extensively and nothing bad has happened.

Depending on the brass, I get for velocity:
R-P 2145 fps
Win 2175 fps
F-C 2190 fps

Remington factory 170 grainers come in at 2140 fps.

Thanks for the info. You can adjust QL to match your chrony/radar'd results. Case capacity of different brass varies, powder lots vary, etc

I'd assume chrony is at 10', so add 15 fps to your chrony speed for actual MV. You may find in YOUR rifle, results look more like this :

Code:
Cartridge          : .30-30 Win
Bullet             : .308, 170, Hornady FP 3060
Useable Case Capaci: 36.799 grain H2O = 2.389 cm³
Cartridge O.A.L. L6: 2.550 inch = 64.77 mm
Barrel Length      : 24.0 inch = 609.6 mm
Powder             : IMR 3031 ?

Predicted data by increasing and decreasing the given charge,
incremented in steps of 1.0% of nominal charge.
CAUTION: Figures exceed maximum and minimum recommended loads !

Step    Fill. Charge   Vel.  Energy   Pmax   Pmuz  Prop.Burnt B_Time
 %       %    Grains   fps   ft.lbs    psi    psi      %        ms

-10.0   91    28.80   1964    1457   25787   4735     89.6    1.673
-09.0   92    29.12   1986    1489   26544   4802     90.2    1.653
-08.0   93    29.44   2008    1523   27324   4867     90.8    1.633
-07.0   94    29.76   2030    1556   28129   4932     91.4    1.613
-06.0   95    30.08   2053    1590   28956   4995     91.9    1.594
-05.0   96    30.40   2075    1625   29816   5057     92.5    1.574
-04.0   97    30.72   2097    1660   30701   5117     93.0    1.555
-03.0   98    31.04   2119    1695   31614   5176     93.5    1.536
-02.0   99    31.36   2141    1730   32555   5234     94.0    1.518
-01.0  100    31.68   2163    1766   33529   5290     94.4    1.499
+00.0  101    32.00   2185    1802   34533   5344     94.9    1.481
+01.0  102    32.32   2207    1839   35571   5397     95.3    1.463
+02.0  103    32.64   2229    1876   36644   5448     95.8    1.445  ! Near Maximum !
+03.0  104    32.96   2251    1913   37750   5497     96.2    1.426  ! Near Maximum !
+04.0  105    33.28   2273    1951   38897   5544     96.5    1.407  ! Near Maximum !
+05.0  106    33.60   2296    1989   40080   5590     96.9    1.389  ! Near Maximum !
 
sure it does. I suspect you never used QL long enough to learn the ins and outs of the program

You can get into real trouble using faster burn rate powders that are below 100% density. Id imagine most of cbfi's loads are over 100% load density

I'm not telling anyone else how to load their ammo, but I am telling you that I do have the evidence to show that that Quick Load predictions for compressed loads of slow burning powder are unsafe. There was no going from moderate pressure to a flattened primer or a stiff bolt lift, it went from moderate pressure and 2350 fps to ka-boom and 2550, in a single step, despite having proceeded carefully and incrementally. The 602's receiver deformed, and its locking lugs compressed.

By the way you've misspoken. You won't get into trouble using light loads of fast burning powder, I frequently use a pinch of Unique, 2400, or SR-4759 to make plinking and small game loads in large cartridge rifles, and you can safely reduce loads of 4895 to 60% of maximum . Although difficult to replicate, where problems have arisen is when light loads of slow burning powder are loaded into bottle neck cartridges. Under the force of the primer, the powder column is driven into the shoulder area of the cartridge, compresses, and forms an unmoveable plug. The pressure then builds beyond the limits of the rifle's strength, and it comes apart. That is a very different set of circumstances than I experienced.
 
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Thanks for the info. You can adjust QL to match your chrony/radar'd results. Case capacity of different brass varies, powder lots vary, etc

I'd assume chrony is at 10', so add 15 fps to your chrony speed for actual MV. You may find in YOUR rifle, results look more like this :

Code:
Cartridge          : .30-30 Win
Bullet             : .308, 170, Hornady FP 3060
Useable Case Capaci: 36.799 grain H2O = 2.389 cm³
Cartridge O.A.L. L6: 2.550 inch = 64.77 mm
Barrel Length      : 24.0 inch = 609.6 mm
Powder             : IMR 3031 ?

Predicted data by increasing and decreasing the given charge,
incremented in steps of 1.0% of nominal charge.
CAUTION: Figures exceed maximum and minimum recommended loads !

Step    Fill. Charge   Vel.  Energy   Pmax   Pmuz  Prop.Burnt B_Time
 %       %    Grains   fps   ft.lbs    psi    psi      %        ms

-10.0   91    28.80   1964    1457   25787   4735     89.6    1.673
-09.0   92    29.12   1986    1489   26544   4802     90.2    1.653
-08.0   93    29.44   2008    1523   27324   4867     90.8    1.633
-07.0   94    29.76   2030    1556   28129   4932     91.4    1.613
-06.0   95    30.08   2053    1590   28956   4995     91.9    1.594
-05.0   96    30.40   2075    1625   29816   5057     92.5    1.574
-04.0   97    30.72   2097    1660   30701   5117     93.0    1.555
-03.0   98    31.04   2119    1695   31614   5176     93.5    1.536
-02.0   99    31.36   2141    1730   32555   5234     94.0    1.518
-01.0  100    31.68   2163    1766   33529   5290     94.4    1.499
+00.0  101    32.00   2185    1802   34533   5344     94.9    1.481
+01.0  102    32.32   2207    1839   35571   5397     95.3    1.463
+02.0  103    32.64   2229    1876   36644   5448     95.8    1.445  ! Near Maximum !
+03.0  104    32.96   2251    1913   37750   5497     96.2    1.426  ! Near Maximum !
+04.0  105    33.28   2273    1951   38897   5544     96.5    1.407  ! Near Maximum !
+05.0  106    33.60   2296    1989   40080   5590     96.9    1.389  ! Near Maximum !

Barrel is 20", Temp is -3C, Chrony is at however long the cord is. I'd have to check the lot of the powder, but it is in tins, not the plastic bottles I see on the shelf now.
 
By the way you've misspoken. You won't get into trouble using light loads of fast burning powder, I frequently use a pinch of Unique, 2400, or SR-4759 to make plinking and small game loads in large cartridge rifles, and you can safely reduce loads of 4895 to 60% of maximum . Although difficult to replicate, where problems have arisen is when light loads of slow burning powder are loaded into bottle neck cartridges. Under the force of the primer, the powder column is driven into the shoulder area of the cartridge, compresses, and forms an unmoveable plug. The pressure then builds beyond the limits of the rifle's strength, and it comes apart. That is a very different set of circumstances than I experienced.

I meant that you can get into high pressure problems with loads that are less than 100% load density. Example 7mm Mag with IMR 4350. 160gr Nosler Partition, 65k psi would be approx 63.5grs/93% load density for 3000 fps/24" barrel. Fill to 100% and you'd be in the neighborhood of 80k PSI / 3175 fps . Use IMR 7828 100% fill rate/66.5grs for approx 57k PSI / 2986 fps. 103% load density , 68.5grs / 63k PSI ~ 3080 fps



Barrel is 20", Temp is -3C, Chrony is at however long the cord is. I'd have to check the lot of the powder, but it is in tins, not the plastic bottles I see on the shelf now.

Sorry I didn't need you to check your lot#, just meant that lots vary and there is no guarantee that IMR 3031 will always give ### FPS with XX.0grs powder
 
I meant that you can get into high pressure problems with loads that are less than 100% load density. Example 7mm Mag with IMR 4350. 160gr Nosler Partition, 65k psi would be approx 63.5grs/93% load density for 3000 fps/24" barrel. Fill to 100% and you'd be in the neighborhood of 80k PSI / 3175 fps . Use IMR 7828 100% fill rate/66.5grs for approx 57k PSI / 2986 fps. 103% load density , 68.5grs / 63k PSI ~ 3080 fps





Sorry I didn't need you to check your lot#, just meant that lots vary and there is no guarantee that IMR 3031 will always give ### FPS with XX.0grs powder

The 7 mag loaded ith medium weight bullets backed by a medium-slow burning powder seems to be within Quickload's comfort level. Find a .284/200, work up a load on Quickload using Retumbo, load the cartridge with the load that Quickloads predicts is one step below maximum, and see what happens next. If might be best to tie the rifle to a tree you don't like, and put a long line on the trigger.
 
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Boomer

Are you saying you were working up a load and went from no pressure signs to KABOOM with one incremental increase in powder charge?

What was the load that caused this ?
 
The 7 mag loaded ith medium weight bullets backed by a medium-slow burning powder seems to be within Quickload's comfort level. Find a .284/200, work up a load on Quickload using Retumbo, load the cartridge with the load that Quickloads predicts is one step below maximum, and see what happens next. If might be best to tie the rifle to a tree you don't like, and put a long line on the trigger.

edit* misinterpreted
 
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200 gr .284 bullet, the cartridge is 7mm Rem as per his previous post.......

I've never heard of a commercially available 200gr 7mm bullet.

Hodgdon lists numerous 105%+ load density Retumbo loads in their pressure tested data. For 7mm Rem Mag. Even with 180gr Berger VLD seated at 3.29" with 108% load density. I'm sure lots of guys are running the 195gr Berger EOL w/ Retumbo in their 7mm's and I'd suspect most of them are above 100% LD
 
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Find a .284/200, work up a load on Quickload using Retumbo, load the cartridge with the load that Quickloads predicts is one step below maximum, and see what happens next. If might be best to tie the rifle to a tree you don't like, and put a long line on the trigger.

That would be foolish as you should always work up slowly from below max, whether QL or a manual.

13417432_10153745160717992_977162777736614258_n.jpg
 
Internet was broke and I have been offline for several days.........In response to all these posts since my last one I have a few questions.....

Where and how does SAAMI determine what the maximum pressure is for each cartridge, using what criteria and how many lawyers sit on the SAAMI board ?

Who says SAAMI is the "end all be all" of all pressure data, cartridge dimensions and manufacturer tolerances ?

I don't buy that newer pressure equipment has reduced loads, Ackley had perfectly accurate pressure equipment in the 40s, if you care to read his works.

I don't care what the pressure numbers are or may be as they are completely irrelevant to my load data and load testing. As long as the pressure is contained by the brass case and the case thereafter is reusable the pressure is within safe limits for that load, that case, in that rifle.......PERIOD. With the steels that our modern rifles are made from, they will contain at least 2-3 times, or more, the absolute maximum a brass case will withstand, without any failure or serious structural damage what so ever.
I do not load for my old Winchesters or any other older firearms the way I do for my modern bolt action rifles........that would be folly and courting disaster. I'm not looking to destroy any rifles these days, but I also do not want to settle for '06 ballistics from my 300 Wby.
Some on here act as though I just fill a case with powder and go from there and nothing could be further from the truth. I have a very strict regime with which I do my load testing and I work up to any load that I settle on, from considerably below in reasonable increments dictated by the overall case capacity and powder burn rate. And have been doing this for over 40 years, without incident......yes there has been the odd blown primer when working with wildcats, but it is not the end of the world, it's back to the loading bench and figure out where I miscalculated. I also pull many test loads as I near maximums and see the signs of stressing the brass, I quit and any loads above this are pulled. I would be willing to bet that I have pulled more loads than some on this site have fired..........
Responsible reloading is just that, approaching it with a strict regime and working to a reasonable conclusion in appropriate increments using all the visual and tactile indicators to determine a maximum safe load within that brass, load and rifle..........Regardless of what anyone says on here, experience and the ability to read the signs of pressure on ones cases is just as safe, actually safer, than the general principals, places like loading manuals and Quickloads use. They are completely unable to take into account the many differences in every chamber, case and powder lot, that are an everyday variable in all rifles. No I do not know what pressure numbers my loads produce, but I do know that they are safe in that rifle, with that case, and with that bullet and lot of powder. I can also tell you that modern rifle steel does not accumulate stress and then all of a sudden fail, for those who think they do because your mind tells you it must be so, because many other things do, I suggest you take a close look at the metallurgy of todays modern action, bolt and barrel steels. If repeated subjection to let's say 75,000 psi will cause them to fail in a certain time frame, then logic dictates that they will also fail at repeated subjection to 65,000 psi impulses just a longer time frame. Now 65,000 psi is within the SAAMI safe limits for many cartridge pressures while 75,000 (which many of you have calculated I must be running) is not. Now given the cartridges and firearms that SAAMI says 65,000 is OK in, it has come to my attention that SAAMIs limitations has more to do with the quality of some manufacturers brass than it has to do with the impending structural failure of a firearm. I mean really guys, the WSMs are some of those 65,000 psi cartridges and they are chambered in leverguns........you mean to tell me your average Win, Rem, Rug, Tik, Sako bolt action isn't at least as strong if not upward of twice that of even the best lever actions out there?
Even if my loads do produce 75,000 psi as some here say they must, they are safe in the rifle and brass cases that I have used to develop them, with procedures that have been accepted for well over 75 years of reloading and load development. Maybe Quikload will be as informed after 75 years.............
 
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